On December 24, 2024, a catastrophic fire broke out in Camp 1W of the Kutupalong Rohingya Refugee Camp, near the Camp-In-Charge (CIC) Office in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The fire, which ignited around 12:30 PM, quickly engulfed the area due to the densely populated and highly flammable conditions. Within minutes, the camp turned into an inferno, causing significant loss of life, injuries, and extensive destruction to shelters and infrastructure, leaving hundreds of families displaced.

Cause and Spread of the Fire

The exact cause of the fire is still under investigation. Initial reports suggest potential factors such as cooking-related accidents, electrical faults, or even intentional arson—common risks in overcrowded refugee camps. Authorities, local committees, and organizations are actively working to identify the root cause. The flammable construction materials, including bamboo and tarpaulins, are believed to have exacerbated the rapid spread of the blaze.

Casualties and Destruction

The fire claimed two lives, a 7-year-old child and a 60-year-old man, both of whom were unable to escape the flames. Additionally, 19 individuals sustained injuries ranging from burns to smoke inhalation and were promptly treated at nearby health clinics.

The devastation included:

569 shelters completely destroyed.

600 shelters partially damaged.

Over 300 shelters demolished during firefighting efforts to prevent the fire from spreading further.

The blaze also destroyed essential infrastructure, including learning centers, mosques, water tanks, and other facilities, leaving residents without basic services. Thousands of people were forced to flee their homes, losing their belongings and facing immense challenges in rebuilding their lives. This tragedy has not only displaced families but also intensified existing trauma from prior displacements.

Humanitarian Response

Humanitarian agencies immediately responded to the crisis. According to an updated UNHCR report, the following assistance has been provided:

Distribution of essential non-food items.

Provision of water, latrines, and hygiene facilities.

Reunification of over 30 children through a Reunification Help Desk.

Distribution of female hygiene kits for women and girls.

Medical aid for the injured, accessible through nearby health clinics and hospitals.

Despite these efforts, victims expressed concerns over the insufficiency of aid. Many struggle to meet their basic needs, relying on neighbors and relatives for additional support. Youth-led initiatives have also stepped in, distributing clothes, prayer mats, and other items.

Voices from the Ground

“The food and supplies we received from humanitarian agencies are not enough to meet even our immediate needs. We cannot rely on them for everything,” said Moriam, a Burmese teacher at a community-based learning center.

“We have to rely on each other while humanitarian agencies and authorities fall short of addressing our needs. We are grateful for the support we receive from our community,” said Shom Shu, a shopkeeper who lost his business in the fire.

“The assistance from NGOs is very limited and does not meet our basic requirements,” said Nozir Ahmed, a religious leader who also lost his home.

Challenges and Gaps in Support

While humanitarian agencies, including UNHCR, IOM, and others, are actively providing relief, the assistance remains insufficient due to limited donor support and logistical challenges. The lack of comprehensive aid forces victims to endure additional hardships, particularly during the winter season when needs are greater.

Preventing Future Disasters

To mitigate the risks of future fire incidents, comprehensive fire safety training and awareness programs are essential. Preventive measures should include:

Safe cooking practices.

Fire response training.

Camp fire-watch plans.

Fuel safety measures.

First aid for fire emergencies.

Electrical safety protocols.

Hazard awareness campaigns.

Evacuation drills.

Creation of specialized, trained groups.

Promotion of fire-resistant construction materials.

Establishment of a camp fire safety committee.

Regular evacuation drills and awareness programs must be prioritized to ensure residents are well-prepared to respond to emergencies effectively.

Conclusion

This devastating fire underscores the urgent need for enhanced safety measures and robust support systems in the refugee camps. Fires are a recurring challenge, especially during the winter season, and disproportionately affect vulnerable groups such as women and children.

Authorities, humanitarian agencies, and the international community must collaborate to provide adequate resources and address the immediate and long-term needs of the affected population. Strengthening fire safety measures and increasing support for displaced families will be crucial to building a more resilient and prepared community.

Report prepared by, 

Mr Mohammed Arif

Mr Mohammed Aziz 

Mohammed Solim 

Mr Mohammed Anis

Photos- 

Mr Kaiser Komor